Lod (Hebrew: לוֹד‎, Arabic: اَلْلُدّْ‎, pronounced al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab-Jewish city ten miles southeast of Tel Aviv in the Center District of Israel. In 2007, its population was 67,200.

A historic city dating from the Greek and Roman eras, Lod is the home of Israel's main international airport, Ben Gurion International Airport, previously known as Lod Airport. The airport and related industries are a major source of employment for the residents of Lod. The Jewish Agency Absorption Centre, the main facility for handling olim arriving in Israel, is also located in Lod.

Lod is situated on the site of the ancient settlement of Lydda. It appears on a list of Canaanite cities drawn up by Thutmose III at Karnak in the 2nd millennium BC. According to the Bible, Lod was founded by Shemed, a member of the Tribe of Benjamin. It was abandoned during the Babylonian captivity and resettled upon the return of the Jews from exile. In the Hellenistic period, it was outside the boundaries of Judea, but under the Maccabees, it became a Jewish town. In 43 CE, Cassius, the governor of Syria, sold its inhabitants into slavery. The Roman proconsul of Syria, Cestius Gallus, razed the town on his way to Jerusalem in 66 CE. It was occupied by Vespasian in 68 CE.

By the Byzantine era, the town was predominantly Christian. It was the legendary birthplace of St. George, patron saint of England, and was known as Georgiopolis. The shrine of St. George was built there. In the New Testament, Lod is the site of Peter's healing of a paralytic man in Acts 9:32-38.

Captured by the Muslims in 636, Lod served as the headquarters of the province of Filastin. The capital later moved to Ramla.

The Crusaders occupied Lod in 1099. It was briefly taken by Saladin but retaken by the Crusaders in 1191. For the English Crusaders, such as King Richard the Lionheart, Lod was a place of great significance, since it was believed to be the birthplace of England's patron saint, Saint George. The Crusaders made it the seat of a Latin rite diocese, and it is still a titular see. According to the Jewish traveler Benjamin of Tudela, in 1170 there was only one Jewish family living in the town.

During the early Ottoman period, there were no Jews in Lod, but a small Jewish community developed in the 19th century. The Jewish inhabitants were driven out in the 1921 Arab riots. In 1944, Lydda had a population of 17,000, one-fifth of them Christian Arabs.

Under the 1947 UN Partition Plan, Lydda was included in the territory slated to became an Arab state, a plan that the Arabs rejected.

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War the Haganah and Irgun captured Lydda in July 1948 in Operation Danny. Arab inhabitants were expelled, along with those of the nearby town of Ramla, numbering about 50,000 in all, in order to secure the strategically important road connecting Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Israeli historian Benny Morris writes: "All the Israelis who witnessed the events agreed that the exodus, under a hot July sun, was an extended episode of suffering for the refugees, especially from Lydda...Some were stripped by soldiers of their valuables as they left town or at checkpoints along the way. Hundreds of civilians died in the scorching heat, from exhaustion, dehydration and disease. On the other hand, Morris states that the expulsion was justified: "...in certain conditions, expulsion is not a war crime. I don’t think that the expulsions of 1948 were war crimes. You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs.... There was no choice but to expel that population."

In 1972, 28 passengers were gunned down at Ben Gurion International Airport by members of the Japanese Red Army, who were acting in behalf of the PFLP in what became known as the Lod Airport massacre. The founder of PFLP, George Habash, had been visiting Lod in July 1948 when the population was driven out by Israeli troops.